Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist with superior weight reduction outcomes vs semaglutide alone.
An adenosine analogue converted inside the cell to ZMP, which mimics AMP and activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK activation shifts cells toward energy-producing pathways, which is why AICAR appears throughout metabolic and endurance literature.
Active ingredient in Mounjaro and Zepbound. SURMOUNT-1 trial showed ~22% average body weight loss — significantly higher than semaglutide's ~15%.
The GIP component may contribute to improved tolerability, with some researchers reporting fewer GI side effects than pure GLP-1 agonists. GIP receptors are also expressed in bone and may have additional metabolic effects.