Mitochondrial-derived peptide that regulates metabolic homeostasis and improves insulin sensitivity.
Encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Activates AMPK signaling, regulates folate cycle and methionine metabolism. Acts as a mitochondrial stress signal to coordinate cellular metabolic responses throughout the body.
Discovered in 2015 — a relatively new peptide with rapidly growing research interest. Levels decline with age. Notably, exercise increases endogenous MOTS-c production, suggesting it may mediate some exercise benefits.
Some research suggests MOTS-c crosses the blood-brain barrier and may have cognitive benefits in addition to metabolic effects. The mitochondrial genome origin is unique among the peptides currently in research.